Położenie prawne Żydów w Warszawie w początkach panowania Stanisława II Augusta

Abstrakt

Legal Situationof Jews inWarsaw in theBeginningof theReignof Stanisław II August From 1527, when Warsaw was granted a de non tolerandis Iudaeis privilege by Zygmunt I Stary, Jews were no longer allowed to live there. In 1570, however, king ZygmuntAugust allowed themto dwell in thecity in order to practice commerce and craft duringpublicgatherings. Otherwisetheylived mainly inprivate jurydyki which were not under the city jurisdiction. In order to control their presence and activities, Franciszek Bieliński, a Grand Marshalof theCrown,introducedspecificregulations.Healsoappointedtworeceivers — in Warsaw and in Praga — and accepted their representatives although did not allow to create a qahal. The next marshal, Stanisław Lubomirski, introduced at the 1766 an obligation forJews to buy “tickets” entitling them to a short-term presence in the city.Theirlives begantostabilize,thenotionof communitywasgrowing.Itcontributedtothegrowth of animosity from burghers who were perceiving them as competitors. In 1768 the jurisdiction over Jews was transferred to the municipality. Actions aimed at the limitation of their quantity did not bring expected results. Regardless Stanisław August’s goodwill, Jews were not able to establish a formal qahal in Warsaw until the end of the existence of the First Republic.